Track Categories
The track category is the heading under which your abstract will be reviewed and later published in the conference printed matters if accepted. During the submission process, you will be asked to select one track category for your abstract.
Bacteriology is the branch and specialty of biology that studies the morphology, ecology, genetics and biochemistry of bacteria. It is the study of bacteria and their relation to medicine. It evolved by germ theory to test the concerns relating to the spoilage of foods and wines in the 19th century. Identification and characterizing of bacteria being associated to diseases led to advances in pathogenic bacteriology. Bacteriology has had many successful advances like effective vaccines, for example, diphtheria toxoid and tetanus toxoid. Bacteriology has also provided discovery of antibiotics. Bacteriology can be classified as a distinct science.
Bacterial pathogenesis is the process by which bacteria infect and cause disease in a host. Not all bacteria are pathogens and have the ability for pathogenesis (also known as virulence). Pathogenic bacteria utilise a number of mechanisms to cause disease in human hosts. One of the Pathogenic Diseases is tuberculosis which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It includes other pathogens of bacteria such as Streptococcus and Pseudomonas. These pathogens and form of bacteria causes many foodborne illnesses and infections such as tetanus, typhoid fever and diphtheria. Microbes express their pathogenicity by means of their virulence. The determinants of virulence of a pathogen are any of its genetic or biochemical or structural features that enable it to produce disease in a host. In bacterial host mediated pathogenesis, (e.g., tuberculosis), tissue damage results from the toxic mediators released by lymphoid cells rather than from bacterial toxins.
Infectious Diseases are disorders caused by organisms such as Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi or parasites. Many organisms live in and on our bodies. They are normally harmless or even helpful, but under certain conditions, some organisms may cause diseases. Some infectious diseases can be passed from person to person. Some are transmitted by bites from insects or animals and other are acquired by ingesting contaminated food or water or being exposed to organisms in the environment. Several Infectious Diseases are found in the Existence.
Medical diagnosis is the process of determining which disease or condition explains a person's symptoms and signs. Laboratory tests may identify organisms directly (e.g., visually, using a microscope growing the organism in culture) or indirectly (e.g., identifying antibodies to the organism). General types of tests include microscopy, culture and immunologic tests (agglutination tests such as latex agglutination, enzyme immunoassays, western blot, precipitation tests and complement fixation tests) and nucleic acid/ non-nucleic acid-based identification methods. Subtypes of diagnoses include clinical, laboratory, radiology, principal and admitting diagnosis. Advanced methods have been implemented to diagnose the infection in any part of the body. Examples include biomarkers/ Elisa test/ chest x-ray/ skin biopsy/ tympanometry and tympanocentesis.
Bacterial vaginosis is an abnormal vaginal condition that is characterized by vaginal discharge and results from an overgrowth of atypical bacteria in the vagina. It is not a true bacterial infection but rather an imbalance of the bacteria that are normally present in the vagina. Usually treatment is with an antibiotic, such as clindamycin or metronidazole. BV is the most common vaginal infection in women of reproductive age. BV is linked to an imbalance of “good” and “harmful” bacteria that are normally found in a woman’s vagina. Bacterial vaginosis results from overgrowth of one of several bacteria naturally found in your vagina. Usually, "good" bacteria (lactobacilli) outnumber "bad" bacteria (anaerobes). But if there are too many anaerobic bacteria, they upset the natural balance of microorganisms in your vagina and cause bacterial vaginosis. BV is a polymicrobial clinical syndrome resulting from replacement of the normal hydrogen peroxide producing Lactobacillus sp. in the vagina with high concentrations of anaerobic bacteria (e.g., Prevotella sp. and Mobiluncus sp.), G. vaginalis, Ureaplasma, Mycoplasma, and numerous fastidious or uncultivated anaerobes. Some women experience transient vaginal microbial changes, whereas others experience them for longer intervals of time.
Bacteriology of Public Health deals with public health hygiene. Public health refers to the science of all organized measures protecting and improving health of communities and populations locally and globally and to promote health, prevent disease as a whole through healthy life styles, promotion of research for disease, detection and control of bacterial diseases. Public health bacteriology aims to interpret diagnostics at the population level, rather than at the level of the individual patient. Outbreaks of infectious diseases such as Zika and Ebola, alongside increased concerns regarding antibiotic resistance, highlight the need for professionals who fully understand the role of microorganisms in public health in order to respond to such threats.
To study about a bacteria, the instrumental analysis is done. Using modern instrumental techniques the molecular level of bacteria is analyzed. The (FTIR) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique is used to analyse the compositional analysis of bacterial cells. Also, the instrumental analysis of bacterial cells is done by vibrational and emission Mossbauer spectroscopic techniques. Other spectrometry techniques include matrix-assisted laser desorption (MALDI) time of flight mass spectroscopy is used to detect the bacterial protein and so this can be a better tool for the identification of bacteria.
Immunology is a branch of biology that covers the study of immune systems in all organisms. Immunology charts, measures, and contextualizes the: physiological functioning of the immune system in states of both health and diseases; malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders (such as autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities immune deficiency, and transplant rejection, the physical, chemical and physiological characteristics of the components of the immune system in vitroin situ, and in vivo. Immunology has applications in numerous disciplines of medicine, particularly in the fields of organ transplantation, oncology, rheumatology, virology, bacteriology, parasitology, psychiatry, and dermatology.
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections that pass from one person to another through sexual contact. They are also known as sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or venereal diseases (VD). Some STDs can spread with the unsterilized drug needles, from mother to infant during childbirth or breast-feeding, and blood transfusions. Infectious organisms can also move between people in semen, vaginal secretions, or blood during sexual intercourse. Individuals pass on STDs more easily when they are not using contraceptive devices, such as condoms, dams, and sanitizing sex toys. Some infections can transmit through sexual contact but are not classed as STDs. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are more than 1 million new STDs acquired each day globally. People between the ages of 15 and 24 years acquire half of all new STDs, and 1 in 4 sexually active adolescent females has an STD. However, STD rates among seniors are increasing. The following sections explain the most common STD's.
Bacterial pathogens are a major cause of infectious diseases. It is important to be able to identify them in patients in order to provide an effective treatment. The subject explores topics such as identification and quantitative methods, possible automation of the techniques or efficiency of available treatments while providing a clinical knowledge. The studies cover notably staphylococci, streptococci, corynebacteria, mycobacteria, neisseria, enteric bacteria, pasteurellae, pseudomonads and spirochaetes and their mechanisms of action in the context of the disease they cause. The main aim of clinical bacteriology is to diagnose the disease by using specimens. These specimens may be urine, feces, body fluids, tissue etc. Manual testing is done by using this specimen to find out the infectious disease. The infectious diseases were mainly caused by the bacteria like s.pneumonia, h.pylori, t.palladium, l.borreliosis. Clinical bacteriology concerns of detection, prevention of infectious disease and to study the characteristic of the pathogen.
Medical Bacteriology and Immunology covers all aspects of the interrelationship between bacterial agents and their hosts. Immunology studies the functions, mechanisms and significance of human defence systems in various disease conditions. Every day of our lives, we are exposed to microbes such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. The single system in the body that allows life to continue in the face of these assaults is the immune system. The immune system is the network of cells and their biological processes that enable the body to recognize diseased cells or the invasion by microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, parasites, and prions) and eliminate them. Collectively, these two disciplines address how humans and other mammals respond to bacterial disease.
Antibiotics also called antibacterials, are a type of antimicrobial drug used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections.They may either kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. A limited number of antibiotics also possess antiprotozoal activity. Antibiotics are not effective against viruses such as the common cold or influenza; drugs which inhibit viruses are termed antiviral drugs or antivirals rather than antibiotics. In 1926, Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin, a substance produced by fungi that appeared able to inhibit bacterial growth. Another antibiotic, for example, is tetracycline, a broad-spectrum agent effective against a wide variety of bacteria including Hemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia psittaci, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoea, and many others.
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection from microbes.Urinary Tract Infection defines that your bladder and kidneys and the tubes that connect them. When germs get into the body they can cause an infection. Most of the urinary tract infections (UTIs) are bladder infections. A bladder infection usually is not a serious infection if it’s treated in the right away. If you do not take care of a bladder infection, it can spread to your kidneys. A kidney infection is serious and can cause permanent damage to the body. Bacteria that usually cause these infections in large intestine and are found in your stool and it cause an infection to the bladder and kidney.
Clinical Infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms like fungi, bacteria, viruses and even parasites. They are contagious and transmitted by insects, animals and by taking contaminated food and water. Chickenpox, measles, typhoid are some of the infectious diseases. Some of the infectious diseases also lead to cancer such as Human papillomavirus causes cervical cancer; lymphoma is caused by infection of Epstein-Barr virus. Clinical Infectious Diseases covering research on the pathogenesis, clinical investigation, medical microbiology, diagnosis, immune mechanisms, and treatment of diseases caused by infectious agents. It includes articles on antimicrobial resistance, bioterrorism, emerging infections, food safety, hospital epidemiology, and HIV/AIDS. It also features highly focused brief reports, review articles, editorials, commentaries, and supplements. The journal is published on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.
Respiratory tract infections are actually a spectrum of diseases associated with infection of both the upper and lower respiratory tract. Viruses are the most common cause of respiratory tract infection and the viruses associated are more diverse than the respiratory diseases they cause with influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza viruses, adenovirus, rhinoviruses, enteroviruses, and human coronavirus having a major role. It is often difficult to clinically differentiate viral and bacterial etiologies for some respiratory diseases. Nucleic acid amplification assays provide a rapid and extremely sensitive means to detect respiratory viruses. Understanding the biology and pathogenesis of the associated viruses is key to understanding diagnostic testing limitations.
Upper respiratory tract infections are certain types of influenza, and the common cold. Symptoms of URIs can include cough, sore throat, runny nose, nasal congestion, headache, low grade fever, facial pressure and sneezing.
Lower respiratory tract infections are generally more serious than upper respiratory infections. LRIs are the leading cause of death among all infectious diseases. The two most common LRIs are bronchitis and pneumonia. Influenza affects both the upper and lower respiratory tracts, but more dangerous strains such as the highly pernicious H5N1 tend to bind to receptors deep in the lungs.
The study of plant Bacteriology has led to the noval improvements and advancements in the feild of biotechnology, agriculture, and also benefiting the drug discoveries from plants. UV Spectrometer is used to measure the various biochemical materials of the plants and microbes based on the absorbance at a particular wavelength. ultracentrifuge is done to seperate the biological components of bacterial cells and also plant tissue seperation. The persence of bacteria can be found by using test which include ooze test, milky water test and string test.
Listeria bacteria can contaminate fresh produce, like cantaloupes, as well as some processed foods, like cheeses. Symptoms of infection include fever, muscle aches, upset stomach, or diarrhea. Salmonella bacteria can taint any food, although there's a greater risk from animal products because of contact with animal feces. In chickens, it can infect eggs before the shell forms, so even clean, fresh eggs may harbor salmonella. E. coli lives in the intestines of cattle and can contaminate beef during the slaughtering process. Ground beef is especially risky, because the bacteria can spread when meat is ground up. Symptoms of E. coli infection include severe abdominal cramps, watery diarrhea, and vomiting. The illness typically develops several days after exposure and can be severe in vulnerable people. Clostridium perfringens is a type of bacteria that causes cramps and diarrhea lasting less than 24 hours. Stews, gravies, and other foods that are prepared in large quantities and kept warm for a long time before serving are a common source of C. perfringens infections. Vibrio vulnificus is a bacteria that lives in warm seawater and can contaminate shellfish, particularly oysters. V. vulnificus infection causes the same gastrointestinal symptoms as many other foodborne illnesses, but in people with weakened immune systems it can develop into a life-threatening blood infection. Salmonella is an extremely common type of bacteria. These rod-shaped organisms can be found in both cold-blooded and warm-blooded animals across the world. They are also one of the most common causes of sickness in human beings. Salmonella poisoning can infect people in one of two ways. It is most often spread from animals to people through the food supply. This is how the bacteria can cause the nauseating disease gastroenteritis.
These infections are commonly called 'ringworm', but are not caused by worms. They are superficial infections of the skin, hair or nails caused by a variety of fungi which otherwise live in the soil, on animals, or sometimes only on people. Infections are spread by direct skin contact (with humans or animals), or indirectly from contaminated articles on floors or in the soil. Shared changing rooms and showers are often a source of tinea, while some infections are spread by sharing of items such as towels. People shed tiny pieces of skin all the time and if these contain a small amount of the fungus, it is able to survive in the environment and cause infection in someone else.
Bacterial infections can cause a variety of conditions. Infections occur as bacteria enter the body or grow on the skin. Treatment for bacterial infection include taking medication. Common drug classes used to treat bacterial infections are penicillin antibiotics, quinolone antibiotics, macrolide antibiotics, cephalosporin antibiotics, tetracycline antibiotics, lincosamide antibiotics, nitroimidazole antibiotics, sulfa antibiotics, polypeptide antibiotics, oxazolidinone antibiotics, penem antibiotics, glycopeptide antibiotics, and monobactam antibiotics. Sepsis is the body’s often deadly response to infection. Sepsis kills and disables millions and requires early suspicion and treatment for survival. Sepsis can result from an infection anywhere in the body, such as pneumonia, influenza, or urinary tract infections. Bacterial infections are the most common cause of sepsis. Worldwide, one-third of people who develop sepsis die. Many who do survive are left with life-changing effects, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), chronic pain and fatigue, organ dysfunction (organs don’t work properly) and/or amputations. Bacteria must enter your body for them to cause an infection. So you can get a bacterial infection through an opening in your skin, such as a cut, a bug bite, or a surgical wound. Bacteria may also enter your body through your airway and cause infections like bacterial pneumonia. Other types of bacterial infections include urinary tract infections (including bladder and kidney infections) and dental abscesses, as well as infections caused by MRSA, Group B Streptococcus, and C. Difficile.
Parasitic disease, also known as parasitosis, is an infectious disease caused or transmitted by a parasite. parasitic infections are spread through fecal contamination of food or water. They are most frequent in areas where sanitation and hygiene are poor. Some parasites, such as the hookworm, can enter the skin during contact with contaminated dirt or, in the case of schistosomes, with freshwater. Others, such as malaria, are transmitted by arthropod vectors. Rarely, parasites are transmitted via blood transfusions or shared needles or congenitally from mother to fetus.
Pediatric infectious diseases/ childhood infectious diseases are the infectious diseases which are caused in children of different age groups. Pediatric infectious diseases specialist’s takes care of the infections occurring in children and the treatment methods vary for children from adults.
The Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases evaluates and treats children with acquired or congenital disorders of the immune system, and can provide advice on travel immunizations. We care for infants and children with illnesses known or suspected to be caused by infections with viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites, as well as infections that involve multiple body systems, unusual or severe infections, and infections related to abnormal or weakened immune systems including AIDS.
An inflammatory disease understands the host body’s mechanism and demonstrates the final outcome of infection can be determined by the host genetic makeup of the infecting agent. The advancement in in molecular biology and medical devices modernized ability to detect very low numbers of infectious agents in specimens collected directly from the affected site. Most of the diseases caused by infectious agents can be discussed their progression with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and their outcomes in Infection congress 2019.
Disease control is the discipline concerned about avoiding nosocomial or healthcare insurance related contamination, a pragmatic (instead of scholarly) sub-train of the study of disease transmission. Infectious diseases avoidance and control is useful to keep the transmission of infectious diseases. Aseptic technique is typically connected to keep the diseases caused by various means. Disinfection is another procedure of killing microorganisms by the applying heat. Sanitization is the way toward killing destructive microorganisms. Some infectious diseases can be counteracted by staying away from coordinate contact with the infectious individual. Contaminations can also be controlled and prevented by making public awareness on various diseases and their causes. Diseases can be cured by different antimicrobial agents.
A complete study of current trends in the infectious diseases therapeutic and diagnostic market, industry growth drivers, advanced therapies and restraints. It provides market projections for the coming years. It includes analysis of recent developments in technologies of infection diagnosis and treatment. Market reports also includes a review of micro and macro factors essential for the existingmarket players and new entrants along with detailed value chain analysis.